Epson Apex 200 Spécifications

Chapter 6TroubleshootingThe Computer Won’t Start...6-1The Computer Does Not Respond...6-2Keyboard Problems.

Formatting Diskettes With One Diskette Drive(No Hard Disk)If your computer has only one diskette drive and no hard disk,follow this procedure to forma

Backing Up DataIt’s very important to keep backup diskettes containing copiesof the files you create. You can copy data and program filesseveral ways:

If the diskette you are copying to has not been formatted,DISKCOPY formats it automatically before copying the data.The following procedure for copyin

6.If you are copying a 1.2MB diskette, MS-DOS asks you toinsert the source and target diskettes again. Follow theprompts on the screen.When the copy i

5.Insert the blank diskette (the target) into the drive. Pressany key. If the new diskette is not formatted, DISKCOPYformats it and then copies the co

5.Remove the original diskette from drive A and insert theblank diskette (the target) in the drive. Press any key. If thenew diskette is not formatted

Make sure you have enough diskettes to back up the data onyour hard disk drive. It takes about 17 1.2MB diskettes to backup a 20MB hard disk that is c

To bypass the HELP menu and get information about onecommand, follow these steps:1.At the command prompt, type HELP, followed by thename of the MS-DOS

Using MENUYour computer comes with a program provided by Epson calledMENU. With this program you can display a menu ofcommands and select the one you

Disk Utilities Lets you check, copy, compare, andformat diskettes. This option provides aneasy-to-use alternative to the MS-DOSCHKDSK, DISKCOPY, DISKC

Appendix BPower-on DiagnosticsSystem Device Check...B-1Timer and CMOS RAM Check...B-2RAM Check...

Make new directories, rename directories, delete emptydirectories, and change from one directory to anotherDisplay data in both ASCII and hexadecimal

This menu provides the following information:Path:Shows the pathname for the currentdirectory. A single backslash identifiesthe root directory.LOSThe

Use the cursor keys to move the highlighted bar. To select afile or directory, use the arrow keys to highlight the name ofthe file or directory. Press

CautionsWith a utility as powerful and as fast as XTREE, you mustalways be aware of the danger of accidentally erasing importantfiles. Follow these gu

Here are some tasks you can perform using anAUTOEXEC.BAT file:Modify the PATH command to include the directoriescontaining other software programs you

The first line changes the MS-DOS command prompt so that itdisplays your current directory.The second line tells MS-DOS to look for programs or batchf

If you need to change anything in the AUTOEXEC.BAT filelater, you can use the same procedure to modify the commands.See your MS-DOS Reference Manual f

Chapter 5Installing Option CardsOption cards are accessories you can add to your computer toprovide extra system capabilities. For example, you may wa

1.If the monitor is on top of the computer, disconnect it andmove it to one side. Disconnect the keyboard and anyperipherals and set them out of the w

You can separate the sides of the cover from the bottomledge of the computer by pulling them outward slightly, asshown below.4. When the back edge of

Floppy Disk Drives and Controller Check...C-21Sequential Seek Check...C-22Random Seek Check...

Inserting the Option CardMost option cards can be placed into any of the option slots.Some cards, however, must be installed in a specific slot. Check

You can place some 8-bit cards in a 16-bit slot. But if an 8-bitcard has an additional skirt along the bottom (which looks likean extra long connector

NotePay specific attention to warnings in your option cardinstructions. Some devices have delicate CMOS chipsthat you should not touch.When you handle

5. Secure the retaining bracket to the frame of the computerwith the small screw.Jumper SettingsSome optional devices require different jumper setting

The procedure for changing a jumper setting is given first, thenthe jumper functions and locations for each card are describedseparately. All the inst

The table below shows the functions for the jumpers on thememory card.Memory card jumper settingsJumper numberFunction1 2 3A A640KB *B A512KB (disable

2.Lift the card gently out of the computer. Set it on a softsurface, such as a towel, with the component side facing up.The location of the three jump

Math coprocessor clock speed. If you install an 80287 mathcoprocessor, you may need to set the jumpers for a differentclock speed. The jumpers determi

When you finish changing the jumpers, carefully replace thememory card in its slot and secure it with the retaining screw.Multi-function Card JumpersT

Multi-function card jumper settings for parallel portJumper numberFunction3 4 10A A AEnable built-in port as primary *A B BEnable built-in port as sec

Appendix EPreparing a Hard Disk for UsePartitioning the Hard Disk...E-2Creating the MS-DOS Partition...E

To access the multi-function card jumpers, you need to removethe card from the computer:1.Unplug the disk drive cable from the card as shown below.Pul

3. Remove the card from the slot (pull it straight up) and setit on a soft surface with the components facing up. Thelocation of the jumpers is shown

Replacing the CoverWith the option card properly installed or removed, the laststep is to replace the cover of the computer:1.Facing the front of the

2.Pull the sides of the cover outward slightly and lower thecover over the computer. Guide the curved edge on thebottom of the cover along the bottom

Post-installation SetupAfter you install or remove an option card, you may need torun the Setup program to update the configurationinformation. For ex

Chapter 6TroubleshootingYou should not encounter any difficulties as you set up and useyour computer, but if anything out of the ordinary happens,refe

2.3.Replace the system (Startup) diskette, if necessary, andturn the computer on again.If the computer’s power light still does not come on, checkthe

4. If your computer still does not respond, you can reset it.Follow the instructions in Chapter 3 for resetting yourcomputer.5.If resetting the comput

Monitor ProblemsIf you are having difficulty with your monitor, check thefollowing:1.If there is no display on the screen, check that themonitor’s pow

6.If you are running an application program, check to makesure the program is set up for the type of monitor you have.Some programs need to be set up

3.If the problem persists in the new diskette drive, makesure the diskette is the correct type for your drive. SeeChapter 3 for more information on ap

If you are not able to copy all the files from the defectivediskette, copy as many as you can and then use theMS-DOS program RECOVER. This program rec

The CHKDSK program can recover data that has beeninadvertently lost on the diskette. It makes changes to thediskette if you use the /F switch in the c

Hard Disk ProblemsIf you are having problems with your hard disk, try thefollowing steps:1.If the drive is making loud noises, or not functioning at a

To copy the hidden system files from your Startup disketteto the root directory of the hard disk, type A : to log ontothe diskette drive, then type th

6. If you have been using your hard disk for a long time andbegin to see numerous read/write errors, you may need toreformat the hard disk. If you dec

2.Some programs work at only one operating speed. Yourcomputer can run at either 8 MHz or 12 MHz. Check yoursoftware manual to see if your application

2.Check the printer manual for the printer’s correct DIPswitch or control panel settings. These settings help aprinter communicate properly with the c

2.Did you run the Setup program to reconfigure yourcomputer? You must run Setup to update the computer’sinternal settings if you changed:The amount of

Appendix ASpecificationsCPU and Memory16-bit CPUMain memoryROMMath coprocessorControllersDisketteHard disk80286 microprocessor; 8 or 12 MHzclockrate,

IntroductionYour Apex’” personal computer is powerful, versatile, and easyto use. After setting up your system with the simple instructionsin this man

InterfacesSerialPrinterOption slotsSpeakerClock/calendarRAMPower SupplyRS-232C, programmable, asynchronous,DB-9P male connectorStandard 8-bit parallel

Hard disk drive3 ½-inch or 5 ¼-inch, half-height internalhard disk; 20MB or 40MB storagecapacity; ST 506/412 interfaceOptional5 ¼-inch, half-height di

Environmental RequirementsTemperature Operating range: 41° to 95°F(5° to 35°C)Storage range: -4° to 140°F(-20° to 60°C)HumidityOperating range: 20% to

Supports Epson- and IBM PC-compatiblemonochrome monitor: 80-character x 25-line display, 9 x 14 character block;Hercules® monochrome text/graphics,720

T-750L-1000L-7509-pin, 136-column, dot-matrix printer;240 cps draft/48 cps near letter quality(CO2001 1)Black ribbon (8755)Single bin cut sheet feeder

ComputeraccessoriesIntelligent serial interface board (8148)Intelligent IEEE-488 interface board(8165)Internal 300/1200 baud modem card(C203A-B)Extern

Serial Port Pin AssignmentsPin no.Signal nameDirectionDescription1DCDIData carrier detect2RXIReceive data3TXOTransmit data4 DTROData terminal ready5GN

Parallel Port Loop-back Connector Pin AssignmentsOutput signal namePin no.Pin no.Input signal nameStrobe1 — 13SelectData bit 02 — 15ErrorAuto feed14 —

Appendix BPower-On DiagnosticsThe built-in memory (ROM) of your computer contains aseries of diagnostics programs, which your computer runsautomatical

Computer. For example, you can add an internal modem cardto provide data communications. If you use software thatexecutes lengthy mathematical calcula

If the computer finds a fault in the main board, it stops anddisplays an error message such as this:10n-System board errorwhere n is a number from 1 t

RAM CheckThe computer now begins to check the RAM installed on themain system board and any option cards. During the check, yousee this message:nnn KB

Display Card CheckThe computer checks the color or monochrome display cardthat is installed in the system. An error number and messageappear if any fa

Hard Disk Controller and Hard Disk CheckThe computer next checks the hard disk controller and driveunit. If a malfunction is found in the hard disk co

Appendix CPerforming System DiagnosticsThis appendix describes how to check the operation of themain unit and peripheral devices of your computer. You

To start the system diagnostics program, follow these steps:1.Insert the Reference diskette in drive A.2. Turn on or reset the computer. The OPERATION

Once you confirm the DEVICE LIST, you can test only thoseitems. If you decide later that you need to add a device, youmust return to the OPERATION MEN

Type the number of the item you wish to add and press Enter.That item then disappears from the Additional DEVICE LISTon the screen. You can add as man

Selecting a TestFrom the DEVICE LIST, select the device you wish to test.Type the number of the device; then press Enter. Before thetest begins, you a

Appendix C outlines the system diagnostic checks you canperform on your computer. If you are having trouble with anypart of the hardware, you may want

Resuming From an ErrorIf an error occurs during a test, the test stops at that point, andan error code and error message appear. If you want to record

The remainder of this appendix describes the tests you can runon the system’s internal devices and on the optional devicesinstalled on your computer.

Memory CheckUse this option to check the computer’s built-in memory. Theprogram checks only the amount of memory that you haveindicated as present in

KEYBOARD SELECT MENU1 -US ASCII2 -United Kingdom3 -French4 -German5 -Italian6 -Spanish0 - ExitEnter selection number:Type the number of your keyboard

If all the keys function, but the characters displayed do notmatch the keys, press Y and then Enter. Then re-select thekeyboard test from the DEVICE L

If an error occurs during any of these tests, record the errorcode and message, or print them out. Then contact yourCustomer Care Center.When you fini

Character Set CheckTo check your character set, press 3 and then Enter. Thecharacters that are included in the internal character generatorare display

You can use this display to adjust the size of the display on thescreen. The vertical and horizontal adjustments are located onyour monitor.Sync Check

COLOR GRAPHICS ADAPTER AND CRT CHECK MENU1- Color graphics adapter check2- Attribute check3- Character set check45- 40-column character set check- 320

Attribute CheckTo check the display attributes of the color graphics adaptercard, press 2 and Enter. Several messages are displayed showingexamples of

After checking the characters, respond to the prompt:Is the displaycorrect(Y/N) ?If the characters displayed match the illustration, press Y andthen E

320x200 Graphics Mode CheckTo check your 320x200 graphics mode, press 5 and then Enter.The screen displays three colored squares-light green, brown,an

If the patterns on your screen are clear and distinct, press Y andthen Enter.If any pattern is not displayed clearly, check the adjustment ofyour moni

If all eight pages are correct, press Y and Enter. If any page isfilled with an incorrect number, press N and Enter to displaythe error message.Light

Color Video CheckOption 9, Color video check, displays 16 different screens,each a different color, and a message indicating the color. Thescreens sho

Floppy Disk Drives and Controller CheckUse this option to test the performance of the diskette drivesinstalled in your computer. This test includes se

Before any checks are performed, the program determines thenumber of diskette drives installed in your computer. If youhave more than one drive, you s

Write, Read CheckThis test checks the ability of the selected disk drive to readand write data from a diskette. The test writes to and readsfrom each

The computer spins the diskette for a few seconds and thendisplays a message like this:The disk rotation, speed is now 360.5 rpm.The diskette continue

Re-insert the diskette and secure the lock. If no errors occur,the menu reappears. An error occurs if the drive ismalfunctioning, or if you do not rem

Chapter 1Setting Up Your SystemSetting up your Apex personal computer is easy. Just followthe nine steps in this chapter. You may want to leave the ba

To perform the test, you must insert a special loop-backconnector into the parallel port so that the computer cancheck the individual pins of the port

Serial Port (RS-232C) CheckUse this option to test the functions of the primary serialcommunications (RS-232C) port. To perform the test, youmust inse

The final test is an echo back check during which the portsends data to itself at 9600 baud, using various data formats.At the start of the test, you

When you select option 14 from the DEVICE LIST, you seethis prompt:Is dot-matrix printer on-line (Y/N)?Check that your printer is connected to the com

Hard Disk Drives and Controller CheckUse this option to test the performance of the hard disk driveinstalled in your computer. If any errors occur, ha

Select option 1 from the menu to start thistest. The programdisplays the number of each cylinder it finds, counting downfrom 614 (for a 20MB hard disk

2. Re-format the disk using option 2, Format hard disk, on theOPERATION MENU. See Appendix D for instructions.3.Prepare the hard disk for use with FDI

Read, Verify CheckThis test reads and verifies data from all tracks of the disk,checking each cylinder and using both heads.Select option 4 from the m

The first prompt you see is:The data on the highest physical cylindermay be destroyed by this check.Enter Y to start this check.Enter N to return to t

Error codeMessageKeyboard3018042 ERROR301KEYBOARD ERROR302KEYBOARD IS NON-STANDARD OR DEFECTIVE303 KEYBOARD LOCKING ERRORMonochrome display adapter an

Reader Comment CardApex 200\20 and Apex 200\40Please use this card to evaluate this manual. Your comments and suggestionswill help us improve our publ

Besides this manual, you should have the following:The computer and power cordThe keyboard with attached cableFour diskettes: three that contain the M

Error code MessageParallel port901ERROR PIN pSerial port (RS-232C)1101control signal ALWAYS LOW1101control signal ALWAYS HIGH1102 TIMEOUT ERROR1103 VE

Appendix DPhysically Formatting a Hard DiskThis appendix describes how to physically format a hard disk.Sometimes called a low-level or hard format, t

new disk or reformatting a used disk, after physically formattingit, you need to run FDISK and SELECT to prepare the harddisk for use. Follow the inst

Destructive surface analysis tests a formatted hard disk forbad tracks and updates the bad track table. Because thisoption writes and reads data on th

Formatting a New DiskMany hard disk drives are supplied with a list of bad tracks butwithout the bad tracks flagged on the disk. Other hard disks ares

NoteIf you have more than one hard disk drive, you see thisprompt:Enter drive letter (C/D)?Press C or D and then Enter.Conditional Format (Normal)Use

The program then displays a warning about the consequencesof proceeding with formatting:WARNING! ALL DATA WILL BE DESTROYED INALL PARTITIONS OF HARD D

Flagged tracks are identified by xxxx and yy. At this point,press Enter to return to the HARD DISK FORMAT MENU.If there are any tracks with other erro

If you are formatting a disk that has never been formatted,check the list of bad tracks that came with the disk. This listidentifies each defect by th

Some of the messages change if the table is full or empty.However, the way that you add a bad track or make acorrection is the same.To add a bad track

Removing the Diskette Drive Protector CardA protective piece of cardboard occupies the slot of thediskette drive in your computer. This card is insert

Destructive Surface AnalysisUse this option to accurately locate any bad tracks on a harddisk, and to flag any bad tracks that are not flagged.WARNING

If the program finds one bad track that is not flagged, thesummary would show one track with a write, read error. Thereport is then followed by a tabl

When the analysis is complete, the program displays a summaryof the status of the disk. This summary lists the following: Flagged bad tracksTra

Appendix EPreparing a Hard Disk for UseIf your Apex computer came with a hard disk, it has alreadybeen physically formatted, partitioned, and formatte

See Appendix D for instructions on performing a low-levelformat. If you need to format the disk, be sure to do it beforecompleting the steps in this a

The instructions in this appendix describe how to:Create a primary partition of 20MB if you have the Apex200\20, or a primary partition of 32MB if you

7. Press Y to use the maximum size for MS-DOS and pressEnter. The screen displays the following message andprompt:System will now restartInsert DOS di

3. Press 2 to select the Create Extended DOS partition optionand press Enter. The screen displays the following prompt:Total disk space is 1021 cylind

8.Press any key to restart the system (the MS-DOS Startupdiskette is already in drive A). Your computer reloadsMS-DOS, displaying the preliminary copy

Note001 and US are the country code and keyboard code,respectively, for the United States. If you want tosubstitute codes for a different country, see

2Choosing a LocationBefore you set up your computer, it is important to choose theright location. Select a spot that provides the following:A large, s

The screen first displays disk space information and thendisplays the following message:Reading source file(s)...SELECT copies the rest of the files f

4. Press Y and Enter to begin formatting the extendedpartition. The screen continuously displays the changinghead and cylinder numbers. When the proce

3. At the A> prompt, type the following and press Enter:COPY *.* C:\DOSMS-DOS copies all the files from the diskette to the \DOSsubdirectory on the

NoteThe AUTOEXEC.BAT file is optional, and you can eithernot create one at all or create one that is different. For adescription of AUTOEXEC.BAT, see

Appendix FTypes of Hard Disk DrivesThis appendix lists the numbers you need to identify a harddisk drive. Refer to this table and the documentation su

GlossaryAbsolute pathnameA pathname that begins with the backslash character. Anabsolute pathname tells MS-DOS how to find its way to agiven directory

Batch fileA type of file that lets you execute a series of MS-DOScommands by typing one command. Batch files are text fileswith the filename extension

CMOSComplementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor. A method ofmaking low power silicon chips.CommandAn instruction you enter (usually on a keyboard) to dire

ClNo electromagnetic interference. Locate your system awayfrom any electrical device, such as a telephone, thatgenerates an electromagnetic field.3Con

Current directoryThe directory you are logged onto and working in. Also knownas the default directory.CursorThe highlighted marker that shows your pos

Default driveThe disk drive from which MS-DOS executes your nextcommand, unless you tell it to do otherwise (by including adrive designator with the c

Disk driveThe physical device that allows the computer to read from andwrite to a disk. A diskette drive has a disk slot into which youinsert a disket

Executable fileA file containing program instructions, as opposed to datacreated with an application program. An executable file hasthe extension.BAT,

FilenameA name of up to eight characters that MS-DOS uses to identifya file.Floppy diskSee Diskette.FormatTo prepare a new disk (or an old one you wan

Input/output (I/O) portSee Port.InterfaceA physical or software connection used to transmit databetween equipment or programs.Internal commandAn MS-DO

Main memoryThe amount of memory in the computer up to 1MB that isavailable to MS-DOS and application programs. Also calledbase memory.Math coprocessor

MonitorThe piece of hardware that contains the screen and displaysinformation.Monochrome monitorA monitor that displays in only one color, such as gre

ParallelThe type of interface that transmits data in groups of bits. SeeInterface and SeriaI.ParameterA qualifier added to a command that tells the co

Power-on diagnosticsThe system tests the computer runs to check its internalcircuitry and configuration each time you turn it on.Primary partitionThe

3. Connect the monitor cable to the video card connector onthe back of the computer, as shown below. If the plug hasretaining screws, tighten them sec

Relative pathnameA pathname that does not begin with the backslash character.A relative pathname tells MS-DOS how to find its way to agiven directory,

SerialThe type of interface that transmits data one bit at a time. SeeInterface and Parallel.SoftwareThe programs that enable your computer to perform

Target disketteThe diskette to which you are copying data during a copy orbackup operation.TracksAddressable, concentric circles on a disk, resembling

Write-protectTo protect the data on a diskette from being changed byplacing a write-protect tab over the notch on the side of a5 ¼-inch diskette or by

IndexAAbsolute pathname, 4-19-20Alternate serial port check, C-28APPEND, 4-22Application program, starting, 4-3AUTOEXEC.BAT, 4-41-44,E-10-11BBack pane

Directories, 4-16—26changing, 4-18-19creating, 4-22default, 4-18-19displaying list of, 4.24-25listing contents of, 4-23-24naming, 4-17on diskettes, 4-

Formatting,diskettes, 4-26-28extended partition, E-4-6logical, D-1physical, D-1—12primary partition, E-3-4Front panel monitor switch,1-14-15HHard disk

Mouse,connecting, 1-7Multi-function card, 5-7MS-DOS,booting, 1-17, 4-2-3command format, 4-7-8command prompt, 1-18copying fibs, 4-10-13correcting comma

RRAM check, B-3Read only memory (ROM), A-1Read/write heads, 3-8Rea1-time clock, 2-8-10RECOVER, 6-7Relative pathname, 4-19-20RENAME, 4-13-14RMDIR (RD),

NoteMany color monitors display in only one color (such asgreen or amber), but are not monochrome monitors. Ifyour monitor is not specifically a monoc

Write-protecting diskettes,3-14-15XXCOPY, 4-29XTREE, 4-37-41

Using the Parallel InterfaceThe parallel interface on your computer is Centronics®compatible and uses a 25-pin connector. To connect a parallelprinter

3.Connect the other end of the cable to the printer, as shownbelow. If the printer has retaining clips on each side of theprinter port, squeeze the cl

To connect a serial device, follow the same steps outlinedabove for a parallel device, but connect the cable to the serialport, shown below.Setting up

5Connecting the Power CordFollow these steps to connect the power cord:1.Insert the power cord into the AC inlet on the computer’sback panel, as shown

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6Connecting the KeyboardFollow these steps to connect the keyboard:1.Facing the front of the computer, open the cover on thelower left comer. Push the

3.Push the cable into the notch at the left side of thecomputer, as shown below, so the cable leads away to theleft side of the computer.4.Close the k

Adjusting the Keyboard AngleYou can change the angle of the keyboard by adjusting the legson the bottom. Turn the keyboard over and lift each legupwar

Move the switch to the right to select color and to the left toselect monochrome. If you have an EGA or VGA monitor, setthe switch to color.8Turning O

Always wait at least five seconds after you switch off thepower before you switch it on again. Turning the power offand on rapidly can damage the comp

After the self test is complete, you see a message on the screensimilar to this:RAM Testing . . . 256KBThe computer continually updates this display a

The Command PromptAfter the computer has loaded MS-DOS from the hard disk,you see the MS-DOS command prompt on the screen:C:\>The command prompt te

NoteIf you do not have any 360KB diskettes, you can useunformatted 1.2MB, high-density diskettes. When copyingfrom 360KB diskettes, the DISKCOPY progr

4.5.6.7.8.9.When the diskette is in all the way, turn the latch down(clockwise) to lock the diskette in place.Press any key. The DISKCOPY program copi

After you have copied the four diskettes, be sure to label themcarefully so you know which one is which. Write on the labelsbefore you attach them to

Chapter 2Running the Setup ProgramThe first time you use your computer after setting it up, youneed to run the Setup program on the Reference diskette

3. Type SET UP and press Enter. The screen displays themain Setup menu with these options:ExitMemoryDisplayCoprocessorMass storageReal-timeclockYou us

Follow the instructions below to verify or change the values forthe Setup options.Changing the Amount of MemoryYour computer has two types of memory:

2.To change the Main memory setting press Enter. Thevalue changes to 256KB. Press Enter again to change it to512KB. If you press Enter again, the valu

To change the display type, follow these steps:1. Highlight Display and press Enter. Another menuappears to show the current setting. If you have an80

If you have any other combination of monitor andvideo card, consult the documentation supplied withyour video card.3.Highlight the appropriate option

Changing the Disk Drive SettingsUse the Mass storage option of the main menu if youinstall an additional diskette drive or hard disk drive, or if your

Use this same procedure if you need to change the settingfor a second hard disk drive installed in your computer(drive D).5.When all the disk drive se

3. Using a 24-hour time period, enter the time in the exactformat shown in the box. Use two digits for each part (youcan omit the seconds, if desired)

IMPORTANT NOTICEDISCLAIMER OF WARRANTYEpson America makes no representations or warranties, either express orimplied, by or with respect to anything i

The time and date are set automatically as soon as you pressEnter after typing the time and date; you do not need to savethese settings. Therefore, if

If you did not make any changes or you want to cancel thechanges you made, highlight Exit without savingand press Enter. The command prompt appears on

Chapter 3Using Your ComputerThis chapter covers the following basic procedures for usingyour computer:Changing the operating speedUsing special keys o

WARNINGYou can change the speed while the computer is on, but donot change it while you are running a program. Completeyour current operation, exit th

KeyPurposeAltBackspaceEnterCaps LockEscNum LockScroll LockBreakSys ReqPrtScHome, End,PgUp, PgDn,InsDelWorks with other keys to enter alternate charact

The Num Lock, Scroll Lock, and Caps Lock keys work astoggles; press the key once to turn on a function and again toturn it off. When the function is e

Resetting the ComputerOccasionally, you may want to stop what the computer is doingentirely and reload MS-DOS. This is called resetting thecomputer. Y

Turning Off the ComputerBefore turning off your computer, be sure to save your data andexit the program you are using. Then remove any diskettesfrom t

Unlike a diskette, a hard disk is rigid and fixed in place. It issealed in a protective case to keep it free from dust and dirt. Ahard disk stores dat

FCC COMPLIANCE STATEMENT FOR AMERICAN USERSThis equipment generates and uses radio frequency energy and if not installed andused properly, that is, in

Your computer uses the read/write heads in a disk drive to storeand retrieve data on a disk. There is one head above thediskette and one below, so the

720KB drive-With this drive, use 3½-inch, double-sided,double-density, 135 TPI, 720KB diskettes. These diskettescontain 80 tracks per side, 9 sectors

WARNINGIf you write to a 360KB (or 160KB, 180KB, or 320KB)diskette while it is in a 1.2MB drive, you may not be able toread it or write it in a 360KB

Never wipe, brush, or try to clean diskettes in any way.Keep diskettes in a moderate environment. They work bestat normal room temperature and in norm

Follow these additional precautions to protect your hard diskdrive and its data:Never turn off the computer when the hard disk drive lightis on. This

Slide the diskette into the slot until it is in all the way. Thenturn the drive latch down to lock it in a vertical position. Thiskeeps the diskette i

To remove a 3½-inch diskette, press the release button torelease it. When the edge pops out of the drive, pull out thediskette and store it properly.W

NoteSome program diskettes, such as your MS-DOS diskettes,have no notch so they are permanently write-protected. Thisprotects them from being accident

Chapter 1 describes how to use DISKCOPY to copy yourMS-DOS and Reference diskettes. To make backups of otherdiskettes, use the DISKCOPY command or the

NoteIf you only have one diskette drive and no hard disk, youneed to use that drive to load the operating system as well asthe application programs yo

ContentsIntroduction...1How to Use This Manual...2Where to Get Help...

Epson also includes the XTREE utility with MS-DOS. XTREEprovides simple menus that allow you to move, create, delete,and rename files and directories.

To secure the read/write heads for moving, run the HDSITprogram. Follow these steps to run HDSIT:1.Exit any program you are using so the MS-DOS comman

Chapter 4Using MS-DOS With Your ComputerYour computer comes with version 3.3. of MS-DOS. Thisoperating system manages your computer by organizing thec

Starting and Exiting MS-DOSBefore you can run an MS-DOS application program, MS-DOSmust be running in memory.When you turn on your computer, it loads

4.Next the screen displays the time prompt, like this:Current time is 09 : 32 : 21Enter new time:You may enter the correct time in the format shown (s

The Default DriveAt any given time, MS-DOS considers one disk drive to be thedefault drive. The default drive is the one on which MS-DOSexecutes your

Specifying the Drive DesignatorIf you want to access a program or file on another drive withoutfirst changing the default drive, type the drive design

Operating 1 disketteAPPEND.EXEASSIGN.COMATTRIB.EXEBACKUP.COMCHKDSK.COMCOMMAND.COMCOMP.COMDEBUG.COMDISKCOMP.COMDISKCOPY.COMOperating 2 disketteMENU.EXE

For example, if you have two diskette drives, and are loggedonto drive A, you could format a diskette in drive B with thecommand:FORMAT B:In this case

Chapter 3Using Your ComputerChanging the Operating Speed...3-1Special Keys on the Apex Keyboard... 3-2Stopping

FORMAT is the command name to execute the fileFORMAT.COM. The A: is a parameter that tells thecommand what to format-in this case, the diskette in dri

If you press Enter when a command line has an error in it, thescreen displays an error message. Usually, the command promptreappears so you can try ag

The extension is optional and can be up to three characterslong. You can use the extension to further identify a file or todescribe what type of file

You can use the COPY command to copy files in several ways:You can copy individual files from one disk to anotherYou can copy a group of files at once

Now you have two files on the default drive that have the samecontents but different names. In this example, you can omit thedrive designators because

Remember these rules when copying files:You must tell MS-DOS where to find the original file andwhere to store the copy; that is, you need to specify

You can shorten the RENAME command to REN. To changethe name of a file from HAMMERS to WRENCHES,therefore, you can type the following and press Enter:

You can use wildcards to delete groups of files. For example, todelete all files on the diskette in drive A (in the currentdirectory), type the follow

3. Type the name of the device, such as PRN, and pressEnter. MS-DOS prints the file on your printer.See your MS-DOS Reference Manual for more informat

As the number of files in your WORDPROC and SPDSHEETdirectories grows, you can create additional directoriessubordinate to those two-like this, for ex

Using Directories...4-16The Default Directory...4-18Changing the Default Directory...

The following sections discuss the basics of creating and usingdirectories.NoteThe XTREE utility provides a simple way to see and organizeyour directo

To change from PERSONAL back to WORDPROC, you canuse the special symbol . . (two periods). The . . symbolalways designates the parent directory. In ot

Thus, if the default directory were WORDPROC (in the aboveexample), the pathname . .\DOS would tell MS-DOS tomove up one level from WORDPROC (in this

Note that if you change from one drive to another and then tryto access a file on the previous drive, MS-DOS rememberswhich was the default directory

NoteMS-DOS provides several commands that make usingpathnames easier:APPEND lets you set a search path for data files andexecutable files so MS-DOS kn

Listing the Contents of a DirectoryYou can use the DIR command to list all the files in a particulardirectory. For example, to list the files in the c

Another way to view a long directory listing is to use the/W switch:DIR /WThis displays the directory listing in a wide format, as follows:Directory o

The screen displays a report for every directory on the drive, forexample:Path: C:\LEDGERSub-directories:RECEIVPAYABLSALESIf you would also like to se

To delete an empty directory from a disk, use the RMDIRcommand, or its shorthand equivalent, RD. For example, toremove the directory ACCOUNTS, which i

The following procedure assumes your computer has a harddisk. If it does not, see “Formatting Diskettes With OneDiskette Drive (No Hard Disk)” below.1